PHASES of Research Process (Busca, Reymark A.)
Busca, Reymark A. BSN III C
RESEARCH STUDY: Major phases of the research process.
If one would like to have truthful information on world around, on nature, on human being, he/she have to look for convincing data. Collecting such data is process complicated, and complex and due to this very difficult. Generally, research is understood as systematic, controlled, empiric and critical investigation of hypothetic statements on supposed relationships among phenomenon. To have a successful research study, it must follow the 5 phases of research process.
The first phase is conceptual phase. Conceptualisation refers to the process of developing refining abstract ideas. the initial phase was of research and involves the intellectual process of developing research idea into a realistic and appropriate research design. This phase maybe time consuming, depending on the level of expertise of the investigator. This phase contains the selection of research problem. Creation of conception of new research project is structured process. It can be divided into 4 steps as follows:
1. Formulation of research problem or research questions, set bounds of them, determine the purpose of the study
2. Searching and review the literature relating to the regarding research problem and develop a framework
3. Development of the theoretical construction of the future research
4. Creation of hypothesis which should be verified/phalsified in future research
The second phase is the phase of construction of research design. The aim of this phase of research is to prepare general plan of real research. this phase is composed of following parts:
1) Identification of variables
– dependent variables (responses, outcome, or criterion variables)
– independent variables (explanatory or predictor variables)
– control variables
– intervening variables
2) Construction of operational definitions for variables
3) Selection of design for data analysis
The third phase of research process is the Empiric phase. In many studies empirical phase is the most time-consuming part of the investigation. The amount of time spent, however, varies from study to study. So, we can say that empiric phase is composed of the following activities:
· To do all activities related to gaining scientific results, to sort them, and to evaluate them
· Its first step can be pilot study (to tune the research project)
The fourth phase is the Analytic phase. Once the data collection and surveying activities have yielded sufficient and relevant data, it is time to systematically organize the data so that it can be interpreted and analyzed by researcher. As it is written by Brink et al. (2006) the data collected in the empirical phase are not reported in "raw" form. They must be summarised and subjected to various types of analysis and interpretation. Before starting to analyse or process the data, the researcher must examine them for completeness and accuracy. Incomplete and inaccurate data can be discarded. Than data are organised in an orderly, coherent fashion so that he/she can discern patterns and relationships. So, the content of this phase can be summarising in the following processes:
· analysis of quantitative data and/or analysis of qualitative data
· analysis of the data by statistical methods
· interpretation of the results
The steps used in analytic phase of research are:
a. systemic processing of data: e.g. classification of data according characteristic properties/features
b . correlation: looking for relationships among the two or more recorded data
The last and final phase of research process is Disseminative phase. The job is not completed, however, until the researcher communicates the result of the study to others who may find it useful. So, dissemination means process when results of the research are presented or published as:
– final research report from research project
– lectures and/or posters at the congresses and conferences
– papers in journals
– using the result in clinical practice
noted
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